Document Authentication for Use in Thailand

When using a certified document from another country in Thailand, additional authentication is often required to ensure its legal recognition. Since Thailand is not a member of the 1961 Hague Convention, the apostille process does not apply. Instead, legalization is used. Below, we explain notarization, legalization, and their differences. 

What is Notarization?

Notarization is the process where a notary public or notarial services attorney verifies a document’s authenticity, such as by witnessing signatures or certifying copies. It confirms the document’s execution but does not automatically make it valid for use in Thailand without further authentication.

What is Legalization?

Legalization is the supplementary authentication process required for foreign documents to be recognized in Thailand. It involves a series of verifications to confirm that the document’s certification is genuine. This typically includes:

• Certification in the country of origin: Authorized institutions, such as courts, notarial services, or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, verify the document.
• Verification by Thai authorities: The document is further authenticated by the Thai embassy or consulate in the country of origin, or by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Thailand.

Legalization ensures the document is legally acceptable for use in Thailand, such as for business, legal, or personal purposes.

Why Not Apostille?

An apostille is a standardized certificate used under the 1961 Hague Convention to authenticate documents for countries that are members of the convention. It is issued in a specific format with a French title. However, since Thailand is not a member of the Hague Convention, apostilles are not recognized here. Instead, legalization is the required process.

Practical Steps for Legalization in Thailand

1. Notarize the Document: Have the document notarized by a notary public in its country of origin.
2. Authenticate in the Country of Origin: Obtain certification from an authorized institution, such as:
   • Courts of law (e.g., in Germany)
   • Ministry of Foreign Affairs
   • Other designated authorities (varies by country)
3. Legalize via Thai Authorities:
   • Submit the document to the Thai embassy or consulate in the country of origin for verification.
   • Alternatively, upon arrival in Thailand, present the document to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Bangkok for final legalization.
4. Translation (if required): Some documents may need to be translated into Thai by a certified translator and submitted for additional verification.

Practical Considerations for Thailand

• Verify Requirements: Check with the relevant Thai authority (e.g., the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the receiving institution) for specific document requirements.
• Plan for Time and Costs: Legalization involves multiple steps and may take time, especially if coordinating with embassies or consulates.
• Jurisdictional Variations: The process in the document’s country of origin varies. For example, in Germany, courts typically handle initial certifications, while in other countries, notarial services or ministries may be involved.

By following the legalization process, you can ensure your foreign documents are properly authenticated for use in Thailand.